In mathematics, we use the symbol × to multiply numbers. It is the standard symbol for multiplication and it is called the multiplication sign. When we put the Python programming language into the picture, the symbol disappears but the multiplication fundamentals remain the same. In this post, you’ll learn how to multiply in Python.
To multiply numbers in Python, we use the multiplication operator *. It is made up of just an asterisk. If it appears between two numbers in Python, those numbers will multiply each other.
For example, if we type 3 * 5 in the Python Interactive Shell, we will get 15 as the output. It does not matter if these numbers are of different types, they can still multiply each other. For example, a float can multiply an integer, and vice versa.
If you want to learn more about how to use the multiplication operator to perform multiplication operations in Python, stick around because this post will exhaust everything you need to know to perform meaningful multiplication programs in your code.
Table of Contents
- What is the multiplication operator in Python?
- Examples of Using the Multiplication Operator in Python Code
- FAQs on How to Multiply In Python
- Wrap up on How to multiply in Python.
What is the multiplication operator in Python?
In Python, the multiplication operator is an asterisk (*). If it appears between two numbers of any type in Python, those numbers will multiply each other.
In the order of precedence, it comes after parentheses and exponentiation according to the PEMDAS rule. This means that if they appear together in the same mathematical expression, the first two will be calculated first then the multiplication. The multiplication operator has the same precedence as the division operator.
In the following sections, we will look at different case scenarios where the multiplication operator can be of great use.
>>>2 * 3
6
>>>4.0 * 2
8.0
>>> 2 * 6 * 3 * 5 * 7
1260
>>> 4 * 4 * 4
64
>>> 4 ** 3
64Examples of Using the Multiplication Operator in Python Code
In this section, we will put the Python multiplication operator to the test by creating a few Python programs that multiply numbers.
Python program to multiply numbers
In this section, we create a Python program that multiplies two numbers. These numbers are stored in variables. Then the Python multiplication operator is used to multiply them.
factor1 = 21
factor2 = 3
print(factor1 * factor2)63Python program to multiply numbers from User Input
In this section, we create a Python program that multiplies numbers from user input. In other words, we create a multiplication calculator because it multiplies numbers that have been inputted by the user.
➊factor1 = input('Enter the multiplicand: ')
➋factor2 = input('Enter the multiplier: ')
➌product = float(factor1) * float(factor2)
➍print(f'{factor1} times {factor2} is: {product}')> Enter the multiplicand: 21
> Enter the multiplier: 3
21 times 3 is 63.0At ➊ and ➋, we use the input() function to get 2 numbers from the input. We just used 2 numbers here for simplicity, but in Python, just as in High school math, you can multiply as many numbers as you want.
At ➌, we convert the given number into a floating point number using the float() function. We convert the input into numbers because the input() function returns strings and yet we can not perform real mathematical multiplication on strings. We also convert these numbers specifically into float types to increase the accuracy of multiplication operations. If we use int(), it will round off the numbers to the nearest whole number and remove all numbers after the comma. That way, the calculation will not be correct if a user inputs a decimal number.
We then perform the multiplication using the Python multiplication operator and we store it in the product variable.
At ➍, we print out the value of the product variable. If you look at the output you see the nicely formatted 21 times 3 is 63.0 . We did this with the help of Python f strings. Of their many uses, f strings allow us to insert variables inside strings. You can learn more about them from FreeCodeCamp’s guide on f strings.
Create a Python function to multiply two numbers
A function is a block of code that performs a specified task. Functions can be used over and over without repeating the same code. In this section, we create a Python function that multiplies two numbers. It takes in two numbers and returns the product of those numbers. Below is a simplified function that does that:
def multiply( num1, num2):
return num1 * num2We use the def keyword to create a function called multiply. This is a good name because it is not a Python keyword and it describes concisely what our function does which is to multiply two numbers together. The function takes two arguments. The function then returns the product of these numbers.
We can then use the above function in many different cases in the same file. Let’s take a look at some case scenarios:
We can call it multiple times without rewriting the same code.
print(multiply(3, 5))
print(multiply(5, 8))
print(multiply(3, 9))15
40
27We can use it in other code blocks like for loops and if statements.
How to Improve the Python function to multiply two numbers
You can improve the above function by:
- Giving errors if the parameters used are not valid numbers.
- Converting the arguments into the preferred number types.
- Allow unlimited parameters to be entered.
FAQs on How to Multiply In Python
Does Python do the multiplication first?
No. Python does not do the multiplication first. According to the PEMDAS rule which stands for Parentheses, Exponentiation, Multiplication, Division, Addition, and Subtraction, multiplication comes third after Parentheses and Exponentiation. This means that if a math expression contains all arithmetic operations, multiplication will be done after operations in brackets and exponentiation has been done first.
How do you multiply multiple numbers in Python?
The Python multiplication operator (*) is not limited to multiplying two numbers only at the same time. You can use it for as many numbers as you want in a single multiplication expression. So to multiply multiple numbers in Python, just use the multiplication operator for as many numbers as you want. For example, 2*6*3*5*7 is the same as 2 times 3 times 4 times 5 times 6 and the answer will be 1260.
How do you multiply a number by itself in Python?
To multiply a number by itself in Python, you can use the multiplication operator on the same number as many times as you want. For example, 4*4*4 is multiplying the number 4 by itself 3 times which gives us 64. Alternatively, you can use the exponentiation operator (**) between two numbers. The number on the left is the one that is multiplying itself and the number on the right is the number of times that the number on the left should multiply itself. So 4*4*4 can also be written as 4**3. The latter can be read as 4 to the exponent of 3.
Wrap up on How to multiply in Python.
That was it for this tutorial. I hope you learned a lot.
To wrap this up, we said we use the multiplication operator which is made of a single asterisk in Python to perform multiplication operations. Multiplication operations come after parentheses and exponentiation but it has the same precedence as division.
You can multiply as many numbers as you want in a single multiplication operation; they are not limited to two numbers only. You can use the exponentiation operator (**) to multiply a number by itself. And that’s it. I’ll see you in other CodingGear tutorials. Peace!
